Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is attested in writing as early as the 1830s.

First use

''Hello'', with that spelling, was used in publications as early as 1833. These include an 1833 American book called ''The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee'', which was reprinted that same year in ''The London Literary Gazette''.

The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.

Etymology

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, ''hello'' is an alteration of ''hallo'', ''hollo'', which came from Old High German "''halâ'', ''holâ'', emphatic imper[ative] of ''halôn'', ''holôn'' to fetch, used esp[ecially] in hailing a ferryman." It also connects the development of ''hello'' to the influence of an earlier form, ''holla'', whose origin is in the French ''holà'' (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French ''là'' 'there'). As in addition to ''hello'', ''hallo'' and ''hollo'', ''hullo'' and (rarely) ''hillo'' also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five vowels.

Telephone

The use of ''hello'' as a telephone greeting has been credited to Thomas Edison; according to one source, he expressed his surprise with a misheard ''Hullo''. Alexander Graham Bell initially used ''Ahoy'' (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting. However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T.B.A. David, the president of the Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburgh:

By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as 'hello-girls' due to the association between the greeting and the telephone.

Hullo

''Hello'' may be derived from ''Hullo'', which the American Merriam-Webster dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello," and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of surprise, or a greeting. ''Hullo'' is found in publications as early as 1803. The word ''hullo'' is still in use, with the meaning ''hello''.

Hallo

''Hello'' is alternatively thought to come from the word ''hallo'' (1840) via ''hollo'' (also ''holla'', ''holloa'', ''halloo'', ''halloa''). The definition of ''hollo'' is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry was spotted: Fowler's has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.

It is used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous poem ''The Rime of the Ancient Mariner'' written in 1798: ''Hallo'' is also German, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch and Afrikaans for Hello.

Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of ''holloa'' to the Old English ''halow'' and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā."

According to the ''American Heritage Dictionary'', ''hallo'' is a modification of the obsolete ''holla'' (''stop!''), perhaps from Old French ''hola'' (''ho'', ho! + ''la'', there, from Latin ''illac'', that way). Hallo is also used by many famous authors like Enid Blyton. Example:"Hallo!", chorused the 600 children.

The Old English verb, hǽlan (1. wv/t1b 1 to heal, cure, save; greet, salute; gehǽl! Hosanna!), may be the ultimate origin of the word. Hǽlan is likely a cognate of German Heil and other similar words of Germanic origin. Bill Bryson asserts in his book ''Mother Tongue'' that "hello" comes from Old English ''hál béo þu'' ("Hale be thou", or "whole be thou", meaning a wish for good health).

Cognates

The word "hello" is found in many other languages. It is often only used when answering the telephone, or as an informal greeting.

! Language	! Cognate	! Usage
Afrikaans	hallo
	alo	when answering the telephone
	آلو ''ālō''	when answering the telephone
	হ্যালো ''hêlo''	when answering the telephone
	ало ''(alo)''	when answering the telephone
	hola!	friendly (informal) greeting
	halo?	when answering the telephone
	hallo!	when answering the telephone
	hallo!	general greeting, normally not used for answering the telephone.
Esperanto	ha lo?	when answering the telephone
	hallo; halloo	when answering the telephone
	haloo?	when answering the telephone
	allô?	when answering the telephone
	Hallo!
	hello!	when answering the telephone
rowspan="2"	helló!	friendly (informal) greeting
halló!	when answering the telephone
	הָלוֹ ''(hallo)''	when answering the telephone / friendly (informal) greeting
	Haanjee!	when answering the telephone
	Halló	when answering the telephone
	Heileo	Rarely used
	ハロー　''(harō)''	friendly (informal) greeting
	halloa	when answering the telephone
	allô	when answering the telephone
	alio?	when answering the telephone
	ало ''(alo)''	when answering the telephone
	hello	when answering the telephone
	hallo!	general greeting
	الو alo	when answering the telephone
	halo	when answering the telephone
	alô?	when answering the telephone (Brazil only)
	alo	when answering the telephone
	алло ''(allo)'', алё	when answering the telephone
	хало/halo	when answering the telephone
rowspan="2"	¡hola!	friendly (informal) greeting
¿aló?	(Latin America) when answering the telephone
	hallå!
	helo!
	alo!	when answering the telephone
	a lô!	when answering the telephone

"Hello, World" computer program

Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, world!" program, which outputs that greeting to a display screen or printer. The widespread use of this tradition arose from an introductory chapter of the book ''The C Programming Language'' by Kernighan & Ritchie, which reused the following example taken from earlier memos by Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs:

int main() { printf("hello, world"); }

The Apple DOS HELLO program

A diskette formatted to boot Apple DOS 3.x on the Apple II series of computers will look for a BASIC program to run automatically after the operating system has booted. By default, the name of the program is HELLO, and is specified as a parameter of the INIT command used to format a floppy disk. For the HELLO program to work, it has to be created in the same language (Integer BASIC or Applesoft BASIC) that is present in the language ROM of the system the disk is being booted on.

Perception of "Hello" in other nations

In some other nations, especially the ones that had little contact with foreigners at the time, Westerners were often viewed as people who constantly said "hello" and little else. Jung Chang describes this view as follows:

See also

World Hello Day

;Greetings in other languages

Aloha

As-Salamu Alaykum

Ciao

Namaste

Ni hao

Shalom

References

External links

Hello in more than 800 languages

OED online entry for ''hollo'' (Subscription)

Merriam-Webster Dictionary: hollo, hullo

How to Say Hello Around the World - slideshow by ''Life magazine''

Category:Greeting words and phrases

arc:ܫܠܡܐ (ܦܬܓܡܐ) de:Hallo es:Hola fr:Bonjour it:Ciao he:הלו nn:Hallo pt:Oi (interjeição) ru:Алло simple:Hello vec:Ciao zh:Hello

Name	Dru Down
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Darnel Robinson
Origin	Oakland, California
Genre	Hip hop
Occupation	Rapper, Actor
Years active	1994–present
Label	C-Note RecordsRelativity RecordsPimp On Records
Associated acts	Luniz, The Regime
Website	}}

Darnel Robinson,(born September 4, 1969) better known by his stage name Dru Down, is an American rapper and actor from Oakland, California. He is a member of The Regime, a collective of rappers that includes Yukmouth, Tech N9ne, Messy Marv, BG Bulletwound, Dorasel, Grant Rice, Tha Realest and Gonzoe...

Music career

The title track of his 1996 album ''Can You Feel Me'' was a minor hit. He's performed with Spice 1, E-40, Richie Rich, Shock G, Yukmouth, The Luniz, and other Bay Area rappers, and introduces the 2Pac song "All About You". Dru Down also plays a part in the 1996 movie ''Original Gangstas'' and in 2001 he released a movie of his own named ''Hip Hop & Porn Stars''. Currently Dru is signed to rapper Yukmouth's Smoke-A-Lot Records and owns his own record label entitled Pimp On Records.Dru Down released his 2010 album Chronicles of a Pimp on November 16.

Discography

Albums

1993: ''Dru Down''

1994: ''Explicit Game''

1996: ''Can You Feel Me''

2001: ''Pimpin' Phernelia''

2002: ''Gangsta Pimpin'''

2006: ''Cash Me Out (with Lee Majors)''

2007: ''Crack Muzic Vol. 1 (with Rahmean & Lee Majors)''

2007: ''Crack Muzic Vol. 2 (with Rahmean & Lee Majors)''

2010: ''Chronicles of a Pimp''

Singles

1994: "Pimp of the Year"

1994: "Ice Cream Man" (feat. Luniz)

1995: "No One Loves You"

1996: "Can You Feel Me"

1997: "Baby Bubba" (feat. Bootsy Collins)

2010: "Hello" (feat. Jacka)

Guest appearances

! Year	! Title	! Artist(s)	! Album
	"Pimps, Playas & Hustlas"
"Put The Lead On Ya"	Luniz feat. Dru Down
"I Got 5 on It (Clean Bay Ballas Vocal Remix)"		Luniz - ''I Got 5 on It (Single)''
1996	"All Bout U"	2Pac feat. Dru Down, Yaki Kadafi, Hussein Fatal, Nate Dogg, Snoop Dogg	2Pac - ''All Eyez On Me''
	"Sliden"	Cobra feat. Dru Down, Knucklehead, Otis & Shug	Cobra - ''Playaz In Paradise''
"Live Yo Life"	Luniz feat. Dru Down
	"She's Paid"
"Pimpin', Playin', Hustlin'"		[[Luniz">Boo-Yaa T.R.I.B.E.
	"Closer Than Close"	[[Luniz feat. Dru Down
"Fugitive (Armed & Dangerous)"	Luniz feat. Dru Down & Benjilino
"I'm So Cool"
"Neva"	Yukmouth feat. Big Bear & Dru Down
2003	"Pimp Dat Bitch"	Yukmouth feat. B-Legit & Dru Down	Yukmouth - ''Godzilla''
	"Spin & Chop"	Yukmouth feat. Dru Down, Kieu & Nate Da Nut
"United Ghettos Of America pt. 2"	rowspan=""
	"Get Nasty"	Pretty Black feat. Dru Down, Husalah & Kazi
"Mobsta's"	Pretty Black feat. Bleu Davinci, Dru Down & J-Diggs
"We On"	Pretty Black feat. Dru Down & Mistah F.A.B.
"Yada Wha"	Pretty Black feat. Dru Down, Monsta Ganjah & Young Dru
	"It's Pimpin'"	The Yay Boyz feat. Dru Down & Clyde Carson
"My Bitches And Me"	The Yay Boyz feat. Dru Down
"So Paid"	The Yay Boyz feat. Yukmouth & Dru Down
"Wreckless"	The Yay Boyz feat. Dru Down
"Eye Candy"	Yukmouth feat. Dru Down, Lee Majors, Pretty Black & Tuffy	Yukmouth - ''United Ghettos of America: Eye Candy''
2008	"East Oakland"	Yukmouth feat. Bart, Beeda Weeda, The Delinquents, Dru Down, Kafani, Richie Rich, Tajai, The Team & Tuffy The Goon	Yukmouth - ''Million Dollar Mouthpiece''
2009	"Pimpin' 4 Real"	Yukmouth feat. Dru Down, Dyson & Mac Dre	Yukmouth - ''The West Coast Don''

References

External links

Official website

Category:African American rappers Category:People from Oakland, California Category:Rappers from the San Francisco Bay Area Category:Living people Category:1969 births

es:Dru Down

Name	The Jacka
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Dominic Newton
Born	August 12, 1977 (Age 34)
Origin	Richmond, California, Pittsburg, California
Years active	1998–present
Genre	Gangsta rap, West Coast hip hop
Associated acts	Cormega, Paul Wall, Freeway (rapper), Andre Nickatina, Strong Arm Steady, Planet Asia
Label	The Artist Records, Mob Figaz LLC, SMC Recordings
Website	}}

Dominic Newton, better known by his stage name The Jacka (Born August 12, 1977), is an American rapper from Pittsburg, California. The Jacka got his start in Pittsburg, California with his group, Mob Figaz, whose first album, ''C-Bo's Mob Figaz'', was released in 1999. The Jacka also converted to Islam at a very young age and changed his name to Shaheed Akbar. He currently runs his own label entitled The Artist Records.

Early career

He began his career with the Pittsburg group Mob Figaz, their first album, ''C-Bo's Mob Figaz'', was released in 1999 and was a minor hit on the ''Billboard'' Hip Hop chart entering in at #63 but it sold fairly well making 160,000 units sold. His first solo release ''Jacka of the Mob Figaz'' in 2001 sold over 30,000 units. Jacka sold these units himself, in the Bay Area and shipping to one-stops across the country. Though great support came from the Bay Area, sixty percent of Jacka's sales came from outside of California. In 2005 The Jacka released his second solo album ''The Jack Artist'' but failed to chart.

Discography

Solo albums

2001: ''Jacka of the Mob Figaz''

2005: ''The Jack Artist''

2006: ''Jack of All Trades''

2009: ''Tear Gas'' U.S. #93

2011: ''Flight Risk'' (January 11, 2011)

2011: ''We Mafia'' (May 3, 2011)

2011: ''Murder Weapon'' (TBA)

Singles/videos

! Single information
	*Released: 2001	*B-side: ""	*Album: Jacka of the Mob Figaz
	*Released: 2005	*Album: The Jack Artist
	*Released: 2005	*Album: The Jack Artist
	*Released: April 8, 2008	*B-side(bonus track): "Shooterz"(Feat. Fed-X, Joe Blow)	*Album: Tear Gas
	*Released: May 5, 2009	*Album: Tear Gas

Mixtapes/Street Albums

2006: ''Jack Of All Trades''

2008: ''The Jacka Is The Dopest''

2008: ''The Street Album'' U.S. R&B #80

2009: ''Broad Daylight''

2011: ''Flight Risk''

2011: ''The Indictment, The Verdict, The Sentence (Trilogy) (TBA)''

With Mob Figaz

1999: ''C-Bo's Mob Figaz''

2001: ''The Comp''

2002: ''Camp Mob Figaz - Street Soundtrack''

2003: ''Mob Figaz''

2011: ''Mob Figaz Reunion'' (TBA)

Collaborations

2005: ''3 da Hard Way'' (with Husalah & Marvaless)

2006: ''Mob Trial'' (with AP.9 & Husalah)

2006: ''Shower Posse'' (with Husalah)

2006: ''Explosive Mode 3: The Mob Gets Explosive'' (with Messy Marv, San Quinn & Husalah)

2006: ''Animal Planet Mixtape'' (with Husalah)

2007: ''Mob Trial 2'' (with Fed-X & Rydah J. Klyde)

2007: ''36 Zips'' (With Ampichino)

2008: ''Outbreak: The Epidemic'' (With Kel of the Western Conference)

2008: ''Drought Season'' (with Berner) U.S. R&B #55

2008: ''Mob Trial 3'' (with AP.9 & Fed-X)

2008: ''The GoBots'' (with Lee Majors)

2009: ''The Price of Money'' (with 12 Gauge Shotie) U.S. R&B #88

2009: ''Drought Season 2'' (with Berner)

2010: ''Neva Be The Same - 20 Bricks: Season One'' (with Laroo)

2010: ''The Gobots 2: D-Boy Era'' (with Lee Majors)

2010: ''Devilz Rejects 2: House of the Dead'' (with Ampichino)

2010: ''Jonestown'' (with Messy Marv & Blanco)

2010: ''My Middle Name Is Crime EP'' (with Andre Nickatina)

2011: ''We Mafia'' (With Big Hollis)

2011: ''Leaktime'' (With Freeway (rapper)) (TBA)

External links

References

Category:African American rappers Category:Musicians from California Category:Living people Category:Mob Figaz members Category:1977 births

Name	Ice Cube
Background	solo_singer|birth_name O'Shea Jackson
Alias	Cube, Don Mega
Born	June 15, 1969 Los Angeles, California
Origin	South Central Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genre	Hip hop, gangsta rap, political hip hop
Occupation	Rapper, actor, film director, screenwriter
Years active	1984–present
Label	Priority (1987–1996)Lench Mob (1994–present)EMI (1987–present)
Associated acts	N.W.A, C.I.A., Scarface, Da Lench Mob, Westside Connection, Public Enemy, WC and the Maad Circle, Game
Website	}}

Ice Cube (born O'Shea Jackson; June 15, 1969) is an American rapper, actor, screenwriter, film director, and producer. He began his career as a member of the C.I.A. and later joined the rap group N.W.A. After leaving N.W.A in December 1989, he built a successful solo career in music, and also as a writer, director, actor and producer in cinema. Additionally, he has served as one of the producers of the Showtime television series ''Barbershop'' and the TBS series ''Are We There Yet?'', both of which are based upon films in which he portrayed the lead character.

Early life

O'Shea Jackson was born on June 15, 1969 in Los Angeles, in the South Central area, the son of Doris Jackson (née Benjamin), a hospital clerk and custodian, and Hosea Jackson, who worked as a groundskeeper at UCLA. According to a 2005 interview with Teenink, O'Shea's half-sister was murdered by her boyfriend in a murder-suicide when he was 12 years old . His cousin is Teren Delvon Jones, also known as Del tha Funkee Homosapien, who is a part of the rap group Hieroglyphics and who has also worked with Gorillaz; and Kam of rap group The Warzone. At 16, Ice Cube developed an interest in hip hop music, and began writing raps in Taft High School's keyboarding class. He attended the Phoenix Institute of Technology in the fall of 1987, and studied Architectural Drafting. With friend Sir Jinx, Ice Cube formed the C.I.A., and they performed at parties hosted by Dr. Dre. Young Cube was fourteen years old when he met Dre, nineteen. Dre soon entered the recording industry involved with the World Class Wreckin' Cru recording records. Dre saw Cube's potential as a writer and had him helping Dre in writing Wreckin Cru's big L.A. hit track, "Cabbage Patch" as well as joining Cube on a side partnership the duo called Stereo Crew by which they produced a twelve-inch record, "She's a Skag" released on Epic Records in 1986.

Music career

N.W.A

In 1987, Ice Cube and Dr. Dre released the single ''My Posse'', under the alias CIA. After the collaboration, Ice Cube showed Eazy-E the lyrics to "Boyz-n-the-Hood". Eazy-E, although initially rejecting the lyrics, eventually recorded the song for ''N.W.A. and the Posse'', the debut album for the group N.W.A that included him, Dre, and other rappers MC Ren and DJ Yella.

By this point Ice Cube was a full-time member of N.W.A along with Dr. Dre and MC Ren. Ice Cube wrote Dr. Dre and Eazy-E's rhymes for the group's landmark album, ''Straight Outta Compton'', released in 1988. However, as 1990 approached, Ice Cube found himself at odds with the group's manager, Jerry Heller, after rejecting Heller's proposed contract terms.

Since Ice Cube wrote the lyrics to approximately half of both ''Straight Outta Compton'', and Eazy-E's solo album, ''Eazy-Duz-It'', he was advised of the amounts he was truly owed by Heller, and took legal action soon after leaving the group and the label. In response, the remaining N.W.A members attacked him on the EP ''100 Miles and Runnin''' and on their next and final album, ''Efil4zaggin'' (''Niggaz4life'' spelled backwards).

Solo career

In late 1989, Ice Cube recorded his debut solo album in Los Angeles with the Bomb Squad (Public Enemy's production team). ''AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted'' was released in May 1990 and was an instant hit, riding and contributing to the rising tide of rap's popularity in mainstream society. The album was charged with controversy, and he was accused of misogyny and racism. Subsequently, Ice Cube appointed the female rapper Yo-Yo (who appeared on ''AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted'') to the head of his own record label and helped produce her debut album, ''Make Way for the Motherlode''. This was followed by a critically acclaimed role as 'Doughboy' in John Singleton's hood-based drama, ''Boyz n the Hood''. In the same year as ''AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted'', Ice Cube released the acclaimed EP, ''Kill At Will'' which sold well, becoming the first hip hop EP to go both Gold and Platinum.

His 1991 follow-up, ''Death Certificate'' was regarded as more focused, yet even more controversial, and critics accused him again of being anti-white, misogynist, and antisemitic. The album is thematically divided into the 'Death Side' ("a vision of where we are today") and the 'Life Side' ("a vision of where we need to go"). It features "No Vaseline", a scathing response to N.W.A's attacks and "Black Korea," a track regarded by some as prophetic of the 1992 Los Angeles riots, but also interpreted as racist by many; it was still being cited years after its release. Ice Cube toured with Lollapalooza in 1992, which widened his fan base.

Ice Cube released ''The Predator'' in November 1992. Referring specifically to that year's Los Angeles riots, in the first single, "Wicked", he rapped "April 29 was power to the people, and we might just see a sequel". ''The Predator'' debuted at number one on both the pop and R&B charts, the first album in history to do so. Singles from ''The Predator'' included "It Was a Good Day" and the "Check Yo Self" remix, and the songs had a two-part music video. The album remains his most successful release, with over three million copies sold in the US. However, after ''The Predator'', Ice Cube's rap audience diminished. ''Lethal Injection'' which was released in the end of 1993 and represented Ice Cube's first attempt at imitating the G-Funk sound of Dr. Dre's ''The Chronic'', was not well received by critics. He had more successful hits from ''Lethal Injection'', including "Really Doe", "Bop Gun (One Nation)", "You Know How We Do It" & "What Can I Do?". After 1994, he took a hiatus from music and concentrated on film work and developing the careers of other rap musicians, Mack 10, Mr. Short Khop, Kausion, and Da Lench Mob.

In 1994, Ice Cube had reunited with former N.W.A member Dr. Dre, who was now part of Death Row Records, in their duet "Natural Born Killaz". In 1998, he released his long-awaited solo album, ''War & Peace Volume 1''. The delayed ''Volume 2'', was released in 2000. The albums featured appearances from Westside Connection as well as a reunion with fellow N.W.A members, Dr. Dre and MC Ren, though many fans maintained that the two albums were not on par with his past work, especially the second volume. In 2000, Ice Cube also joined Dr. Dre, Eminem & Snoop Dogg on the Up In Smoke Tour.

In 2006, Ice Cube released his seventh solo album, ''Laugh Now, Cry Later'', on his Lench Mob Records label, debuting at number four on the Billboard Charts and selling 144,000 units in the first week. The album featured production from Lil Jon and Scott Storch, who produced the lead single "Why We Thugs". He released his eighth studio album, Raw Footage, on August 19, 2008, featuring the controversial single "Gangsta Rap Made Me Do It".

On Oct 12, 2009 he released a non-album track called 'Raider Nation' in tribute to the Oakland Raiders' football team he supports.

On May 11, 2010, Ice Cube released a 30 for 30 documentary, "Straight Outta L.A.", for ESPN on the relationship between the gangster rap scene in Los Angeles and the tenure of the Raiders there. He has been voted as eighth of MTV's "greatest emcees of all time."

Westside Connection

In 1996, Ice Cube formed Westside Connection with Mack 10 and WC, and together they released an album called ''Bow Down''. Most of the album was used to engage in the East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry of the 90s. The album's eponymous single reached number 21 on the singles charts, and the album itself was certified Platinum by the end of 1996. With ''Bow Down'', Westside Connection brought their own agenda to the hip hop scene. Ice Cube, Mack 10 and WC had grown tired of being overlooked by most East Coast media outlets; the album was designed to instil a sense of pride in West Coast rap fans and to start a larger movement that some people who felt underappreciated might identify with. Songs like "Bow Down" and "Gangstas Make the World Go 'Round" make reference to this. Ice Cube would also eventually make amends with Eazy-E shortly before the latter's death in 1995.

After a seven-year hiatus, Westside Connection returned with their second effort ''Terrorist Threats'' in 2003. The album fared well critically, but its commercial reception was less than that of ''Bow Down''. "Gangsta Nation" was the only single released from the album, which was produced by Fredwreck and featured Nate Dogg; it was a radio hit. After a rift between Ice Cube and Mack 10 about Ice Cube's commitments to film work rather than touring with the group, Westside Connection disbanded. WC, however, did release a new solo album on Lench Mob Records entitled ''Guilty by Affiliation'' on August 14, 2007.

Collaborations

In 1992 Ice Cube assisted on debut albums from Da Lench Mob (''Guerillas in tha Mist'', 1992) and Kam (''Neva Again'', 1993), both of which enjoyed critical acclaim and some moderate commercial success. He handled most of the production on ''Guerillas in tha Mist''.

In 1993, Lench Mob member, J-Dee, was sentenced to life imprisonment for attempted murder, and Ice Cube did not produce their next album, ''Planet of tha Apes''. Around this time in 1993, he also worked with Tupac Shakur on his album ''Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z.,'' appearing on the track "Last Wordz" with Ice-T. He also did a song with Dr. Dre for the first time since he left N.W.A: "Natural Born Killaz", for the ''Murder Was The Case'' soundtrack, and also contributed to the ''Office Space'' soundtrack. He also featured on Kool G Rap's song "Two To The Head" from the Kool G Rap & DJ Polo album "Live And Let Die". Ice Cube appeared on the song "Children of the Korn" by the band Korn, as well as assisting in recording a Korn cover of Wicked, and lent his voice to British DJ Paul Oakenfold's solo debut album, ''Bunkka'', on the track "Get Em Up".

2004–2010

In 2004, his hit singles "Check Yo Self", "It Was a Good Day" and affiliated song "Guerrillas in tha Mist" with Da Lench Mob appeared on popular video game ''Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'' on fictional radio station Radio Los Santos.

In late 2005, Ice Cube and R. J. Cutler teamed up to create the six-part documentary series titled ''Black. White.'', which was broadcast on cable network FX. In May 2006 Ice Cube complained that Oprah Winfrey would not welcome him and other rappers on her show. Ice Cube's other movie projects include ''Teacher of the Year'', released in 2007, and ''The Extractors'', released in 2008.

He has signed on to star in and produce ''Welcome Back, Kotter'', a big-screen adaptation of the 1970s television series. Ice Cube will play the title character, originally portrayed by Gabe Kaplan and his film company, Cube Vision Productions, has sealed a deal with Dimension Films to bring the show to the big screen.

In a London interview he revealed he is in talks of a collaboration with Gorillaz after speaking to frontman Damon Albarn.

In October 2006 Xzibit, Lil Jon and WC from the Westside Connection honoured Ice Cube at VH1's Annual Hip Hop Honors, performing some classic Ice Cube tracks, and Ice Cube also performed "Why We Thugs" and "Go To Church" from his album ''Laugh Now, Cry Later'', where the New York crowd were greeted with Cube's vintage Cali sound. After launching that comeback album, Ice Cube toured across the world to promote it. The tour is known as "Straight Outta Compton Tour", and accompanying him is his friend and fellow rapper WC from the Westside Connection. Some places he has recently performed include the Paradiso in Amsterdam and various venues in England. After touring the U.S. and Europe, he performed all around Australia, from Sydney's Enmore Theatre to The Forum Arena in Melbourne, before heading to Japan.

Ice Cube collaborated with Tech N9ne on the song "Blackboy" that appears on Tech N9ne's July 2008 album ''Killer''. The eighth Ice Cube studio LP, titled ''Raw Footage'', was released on August 19, 2008, and featured the singles Gangsta Rap Made Me Do It and Do Ya Thang. Ice Cube appeared on a song by rapper The Game titled "State of Emergency" off The Game's Album, L.A.X. In 2009, Ice Cube performed at the Gathering of the Juggalos, and will return to perform at the 2011 festival.

Despite rumors of conflicts with other rappers in 2010, Ice Cube stated in an interview with DJ Whoo Kid on Sirius Shade 45 that he has "no beef."

Ice Cube's ninth studio album I Am the West was released on September 28, 2010. Ice Cube has stated this album has a different direction than any one of his other albums. He received beats from West coast veteran producers such as DJ Quik, Dr. Dre, E-A-Ski, and Sir Jinx, not having worked on a solo album with the latter in nearly 20 years. The album was released independently under his label Lench Mob. Ice Cube has stated that "being independent is beautiful because we can do things 'out the box' that record companies would usually frown at. Instead of working from a ready-made cookie-cutter marketing plan, we can tailor make a marketing plan specifically for me."

In 2011 he will reunite with N.W.A members MC Ren & Dr. Dre on T-Boz's debut studio album Still Cool on the track "From The South To the Wild Wild West".

Other ventures

Film and television career

Following his role as 'Doughboy' in ''Boyz N The Hood'', in 1992 he starred alongside Ice-T, and Bill Paxton in Walter Hill's action film, ''Trespass'', and then in ''The Glass Shield''.

Ice Cube was offered a co-star role with Janet Jackson in the 1993 romantic film Poetic Justice, but he refused the role, which was given to Tupac Shakur instead.

John Singleton had encouraged Ice Cube to try his hand at screenwriting, telling him, "If you can write a record, you can write a movie." With this encouragement, Ice Cube wrote the screenplay for what became the 1995 comedy ''Friday'', in which he also starred, alongside then up-and-coming comedian Chris Tucker. ''Friday'' earned $28 million worldwide on a $3.5 million budget, and spawned two sequels, ''Next Friday'' and ''Friday After Next''. (On March 9, 2011 he announced that he was making the final sequel called Last Friday). That year, he also starred in his second collaboration with John Singleton, ''Higher Learning'', as world-weary university student "Fudge"; a role for which he earned award nominations.

In 1997 Ice Cube starred in the action thriller Dangerous Ground as a South African exiled to America who returns 15 years later. He also had a supporting role in the film ''Anaconda'' that same year. He wrote, executive produced, and made his directorial debut in ''The Players Club'' in 1998, and in 1999 starred alongside George Clooney and Mark Wahlberg in the critically acclaimed ''Three Kings''. In 2000, he wrote and appeared in the ''Friday'' sequel ''Next Friday''. In 2002, Ice Cube starred in the commercially successful movie ''Barbershop'', as well as ''All About the Benjamins'' and the third film in the ''Friday'' trilogy, ''Friday after Next'' (which he again wrote). In 2004, he appeared in ''Barbershop 2: Back in Business'', and ''Torque''; in 2005 he starred in the action movie ''XXX: State of the Union'', as well as the comedies ''Are We There Yet?'' and ''Are We Done Yet?'', co-starring Nia Long.

In early April 2007 Ice Cube was a guest on Angie Martinez' Hot97 radio show and stated that he was interested in bringing back Chris Tucker as Smokey in a possible ''Friday'' sequel, but that was only possible "if New Line cuts the cheque." In an interview with BlackFilm.com, Ice Cube stated that he would be interested in involving all major characters from the ''Friday'' franchise in a possible sequel, but added "I know I'm not going to get Chris [Tucker] back, but I'd love to get everybody else back."

''In the Movies'' is a compilation album of Ice Cube songs that have appeared in movie soundtracks, which was released on September 4, 2007.

Ice Cube and basketball star LeBron James have paired up to pitch a one-hour special to ABC based on James's life. Ice Cube's ''Are We There Yet'' television series premiered on TBS on June 2, 2010. Based on the 2005 feature film of the same name, the show revolves around a family adjusting to the matriarch's new husband (Terry Crews) and trying to deal with normal family situations. On August 16, 2010, ''Are We There Yet?'' was renewed for 90 additional episodes. In an August 2010 interview with UrbLife.com, Ice Cube expressed excitement about the show being picked up for the run, which will pan out to around six seasons. He also credits Tyler Perry for opening the door for him at TBS.

Clothing line

Ice Cube has licenced a clothing line, SOLO by Cube, which features hooded sweatshirts with built-in headphones in the hood strings.

Personal life

Family

He married Kimberly Woodruff in 1992, with whom he has four children (three boys, one girl) - O'Shea Jr., Darrel, Shareef and Karima.

A father of four, Ice Cube was asked by Fresh Air's Terry Gross to provide some perspective on the relationship between his work and his family. When asked whether or not he allowed his children to listen to his music, he responded: "What's worked for me is instilling in my kids a level of self-respect," helping them to understand the content of not just music but the violence found on the evening news. When asked what he tells his children about profanity, he recalled telling his kids that there are "appropriate times to use any kind of language.... Adults should never hear you use these words. If you want to use these words around your friends, that's really on you." Ice Cube is also the father of rappers OMG and Doughboy, who were featured on his album, I Am the West.

Religion

In an interview with British newspaper ''The Guardian'', Ice Cube stated that he is a Muslim, having converted sometime in the 1990s. He described his Muslim faith as a simple, personal one that does not involve attending prayer services or following rituals. Although he has spoken favorably of the Nation of Islam, he denied ever being in the organization.

Discography

; Studio albums

1990: ''AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted''

1991: ''Death Certificate''

1992: ''The Predator''

1993: ''Lethal Injection''

1998: ''War & Peace Vol. 1 (The War Disc)''

2000: ''War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc)''

2006: ''Laugh Now, Cry Later''

2008: ''Raw Footage''

2010: ''I Am the West''

; Other albums

1994: ''Bootlegs & B-Sides''

1997: ''Featuring…Ice Cube''

2001: ''Greatest Hits''

2007: ''In the Movies''

2008: ''The Essentials''

Filmography

As an actor

Films

Year 1991 1992 1993 1995 1995 1995 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 2001 2002 2002 2002 2004 2004 2005 2005 2007 2008 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012

Title	|	Role	Other notes
''Boyz n the Hood''	|	Darin "Doughboy" Baker	Main Role
''Trespass (1992 film)	Trespass''	|	Savon	Main Role
''CB4''	|	himself	Cameo
''The Glass Shield''	|	Teddy Woods	Main Role
''Higher Learning''	|	Fudge	Main Role
''Friday (film)	Friday''	|	Craig Jones	Main Role
''Dangerous Ground''	|	Vusi Madlazi	Main Role
''Anaconda (film)	Anaconda''	|	Danny Rich	Main Role
''The Players Club''	|	Reggie	Minor Role
''I Got The Hook Up''	|	Gun Runner	Minor Role
''Three Kings (1999 film)	Three Kings''	|	SSgt. Chief Elgin	Main Role
''Thicker Than Water (1999 film)	Thicker Than Water''	|	Slink	Supporting Role
''Next Friday''	|	Craig Jones	Main Role
''Ghosts of Mars''	|	James 'Desolation' Williams	Main Role
''All About The Benjamins''	|	Detective Bucum	Main Role
''BarberShop (film)	BarberShop''	|	Calvin Palmer	Main Role
''Friday After Next''	|	Craig Jones	Main Role
''Torque (film)	Torque''	|	Trey	Main Role
''BarberShop 2: Back in Business''	|	Calvin Palmer	Main Role
''Are We There Yet?''	|	Nick Persons	Main Role
''XXX: State of the Union''	|	Darius Stone	Main Role
''Are We Done Yet?''	|	Nick Persons	Main Role
''First Sunday''	|	Durell	Main Role
''The Longshots''	|	Curtis Plummer	Main Role
''Janky Promoters''	|	Russell Redds	Main Role
''Lottery Ticket (film)	Lottery Ticket''	|	Jerome "Thump" Washington	Supporting Role
''New Year's Eve (film)	New Year's Film''	|	Police Officer	Supporting Role
''Rampart (film)	Rampart''	|	TBA	TBA
''Last Friday''	|	Craig Jones	Main Role pre-production
''21 Jump Street''	|	Capt. Dickson	Main Role

Television

Year 2010–present

Title	|	Role	Other notes
''Are We There Yet? (TV series)	Are We There Yet?'' TV series	|	Terrence	Recurring Role

Video games

Year 2010

Title	|	Role	Other notes
''Call of Duty: Black Ops	|	Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group>SOG multiplayer announcer	Voice actor

As director/writer/producer

''Friday'' (1995) writer, executive producer

''Dangerous Ground'' (1997) executive producer

''The Players Club'' (1998) writer, director, executive producer

''Next Friday'' (2000) writer, producer

''All About The Benjamins'' (2002) writer, producer

''Friday After Next'' (2002) writer, producer

''BarberShop 2: Back in Business'' (2004) executive producer

''BarberShop: The Series'' (2005) executive producer

''Are We There Yet?'' (2005) producer

''Beauty Shop'' (2005) executive producer

''Black. White.'' (2006) executive producer

''Are We Done Yet?'' (2007) producer

''Friday: The Animated Series'' (2007) executive producer

''Pirate Island'' (2008) producer

''The Longshots'' (2008) producer

''First Sunday'' (2008) producer

''Straight Outta L.A.'' (2010) director

''Are We There Yet?'' (TV series) (2010) executive producer

''Last Friday'' (2012) writer, executive producer

Awards

Film award history

Ice Cube has received nominations for several films in the past. To date, he has won two awards:

2000: Blockbuster Entertainment Award: Favorite Action Team (for ''Three Kings'')

2002: MECCA Movie Award: Acting Award

Music awards

VH1 Hip Hop Honors 2006

* 2006 Honoree Snoop Dogg

BET Hip-Hop Awards 2009

* I Am Hip-Hop Award

References

External links

Ice Cube Bio

Ice Cube: The Ten Greatest Rapper/Actors

Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from California Category:African American Muslims Category:Converts to Islam Category:African-American film producers Category:African American film actors Category:African American rappers Category:American music video directors Category:American screenwriters Category:Capitol Records artists Category:N.W.A members Category:Priority Records artists Category:Rappers from Los Angeles, California Category:Ruthless Records artists

ar:آيس كيوب bg:Айс Кюб ca:Ice Cube cs:Ice Cube da:Ice Cube de:Ice Cube et:Ice Cube el:Ice Cube es:Ice Cube fa:آیس کیوب fr:Ice Cube fy:Ice Cube ko:아이스 큐브 hr:Ice Cube id:Ice Cube it:Ice Cube he:אייס קיוב ka:Ice Cube sw:Ice Cube lv:Ice Cube nl:Ice Cube ja:アイス・キューブ no:Ice Cube pl:Ice Cube pt:Ice Cube ro:Ice Cube ru:Ice Cube simple:Ice Cube sl:Ice Cube sh:Ice Cube fi:Ice Cube sv:Ice Cube ta:ஐஸ் கியூப் th:ไอซ์คิวบ์ tr:Ice Cube uk:Ice Cube zh:Ice Cube

name	MC Ren
background	solo_singer
birth name	Lorenzo Jerald Patterson
alias	The Ruthless Villain, MC Ren
birth date	June 14, 1969
place of birth	Compton, California,
origin	Compton, California
instrument	Vocals
genre	Gangsta rap Hardcore rap
occupation	Rapper, songwriter
years active	1986—present
label	Ruthless, Island Def Jam, Interscope, Universal Motown, Villain Entertainment
associated acts	N.W.A, Eazy-E, Ice Cube, Dr. Dre Above the Law, Paris, Public Enemy, The D.O.C.
website	}}

Lorenzo Jerald Patterson (born June 14, 1969), better known by his stage name MC Ren, is a rapper who formed part of the group N.W.A. His moniker is derived from his first name (Lorenzo).

Early life

Patterson was born and raised in Compton, California.

Career

He joined the gangsta rap group N.W.A after finishing his senior year of high school. He contributed vocals on their album ''Straight Outta Compton'' (1988) as well as co-writing several tracks after Ice Cube left the group in 1989. N.W.A became the first gangsta rap group to gain mainstream success. However, as their album ''Niggaz4Life'' reached the #1 spot on the Billboard 200 in 1991, financial conflict between Dr. Dre and Ruthless Records led to the group disbanding. He also personally cited the inevitable tension of a close knit group. Group member Eazy-E was accused of skimming money along with the group's manager, Jerry Heller. Dr. Dre left to form Death Row Records.

MC Ren subsequently released his debut album ''Kizz My Black Azz'' in 1992. It reached platinum. MC Ren's next album, ''Life Sentence'', was scrapped while he converted to the Nation of Islam (which he has since left and converted to orthodox Islam) with guidance from DJ Train. ''Shock of the Hour'' in 1993 was released the next year. It also features the single "Mayday on the Front Line" which appeared in the film CB4. MC Ren soon fell on hard times when DJ Train died in a burning house before the release of ''The Villain in Black'' (1996). The album sold relatively well for a brief period. Before leaving Ruthless Records, Ren released ''Ruthless for Life'' (1998) which proved a small comeback, selling moderately well. He appeared on the posse cut "Some L.A. Niggaz" from Dr. Dre's ''2001'' album. In 2000, he appeared on the song "Hello" which featured Dr. Dre and Ice Cube on Ice Cube's ''War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc)'' album. He joined the Up In Smoke Tour that same year just to rap this verse on this track.

MC Ren released the straight-to- movie ''Lost in the Game'' in 2004. His most recent work has appeared on some more politically-oriented projects such as with Public Enemy, specifically Paris' album ''Hard Truth Soldiers Vol. 1'' as well as on Public Enemy's album ''Rebirth of a Nation''. Paris stated in an interview with Rapstation.com that "MC Ren is retired and won't be doing a full-length album as far as I know. I get at him for verses, that's about it."

MC Ren appeared on the VH1 Hip Hop Honors talking about Eazy-E in the tribute to him. As of late 2007, Ren was supposed to be in work with Long Beach-based rapper RBX alongside Big Rocc on the group Concrete Criminals and although a debut album was promised, nothing came out of it. In 2009, MC Ren finished his fifth studio album entitled ''Renincarnated'' which was released under his own record label Villain Entertainment on October 31, 2009. ''Renincarnated'' was only released in the US.

Personal life

Around 1993, MC Ren converted to the Islamic faith through the Nation of Islam. He converted to Sunni Islam a few years later.

Discography

1992: ''Kizz My Black Azz''

1993: ''Shock of the Hour''

1996: ''The Villain in Black''

1998: ''Ruthless for Life''

2009: ''Renincarnated''

;With N.W.A

1988: ''Straight Outta Compton''

1990: ''100 Miles and Runnin'''

1991: ''Niggaz4Life''

;With Eazy-E

1988: ''Eazy-Duz-It'' (on "2 Hard Mutha's", "We Want Eazy" and "Ruthless Villain")

1995: ''Str8 off tha Streetz of Muthaphukkin Compton'' (on "Tha Muthaphukkin' Real")

;With The D.O.C.

1989: ''No One Can Do It Better'' (on "Comm. 2" and "The Grand Finalé")

2003: ''Deuce'' (on "The Shit")

References

External links

Good guys wear black : Interview with Reginald C Dennis, published in ''The Source'', August 1992

MC Ren feature-length radio interview at ConspiracyRadio.com

Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:African American rappers Category:African American Muslims Category:Former Nation of Islam members Category:N.W.A members Category:People from Compton, California Category:Ruthless Records artists Category:Rappers from Los Angeles, California Category:Priority Records artists Category:Converts to Islam

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